regional unemployment rates. While employed men suffer from regional unemployment, unemployed men are significantly less … negatively affected. This is consistent with a social-norm effect of unemployment in Germany. We find no evidence of such an …

unemployment from the time they left school up to age 30. We show that this experience is negatively correlated with the life … satisfaction that the individual reports at age 30, so that past unemployment scars. We also identify the childhood circumstances … and family background that predict this adult unemployment experience. Educational achievement and good behaviour at age …

It is well-known that unemployment leaves scars after re-employment, but does this scarring effect persist even after … reflect the unemployment that they experienced over their working life. These scarring effects are somewhat smaller for older … correlations significantly under-estimate the well-being cost of unemployment. …

The social norm of unemployment suggests that aggregate unemployment reduces the well-being of the employed, but has a … the appropriate distinction may not be between employment and unemployment, but rather between higher and lower levels of … affected by regional unemployment. However, insecure employed men and poor-prospect unemployed men are less negatively, or even …

for unemployment. These findings are remarkably similar to those in previous work on German panel data. Equally, the time …

marriage, divorce, widowhood, birth of child, and layoff. However, there is little evidence of adaptation to unemployment for … men. Men are somewhat more affected by labour market events (unemployment and layoffs) than are women, but in general the …

This paper provides some of the first empirical evidence on the psychological impact of past unemployment. Using eleven … lower the greater has been the past experience of unemployment. In this sense, unemployment scars. However, an interaction … term between current and past unemployment attracts a positive coefficient. This suggests a habituation effect whereby the …