This paper experimentally tests the coordination of partial cartels when payoffs are asymmetric. In a two-stage mechanism with communication we analyze the formation of all-inclusive and partial cartels. Firms reject partial cartels if outside firms profit excessively from cartel formation....

This paper experimentally analyzes the effects of non-discriminatory and discriminatory leniency policies on hard-core cartels. We design a mechanism to form a hard-core cartel, which allows that multiple ringleaders emerge. Ringleaders often take a leading role in the coordination and formation...