Redlining is the practice of restricting or denying access to services in a spatially defined area. Typically, redlining refers to the practice of restricting access to financial service products, such as mortgages, to residents of minority areas. The term arose from urban activists in Chicago...

The reintroduction of capital punishment after the end of the Supreme Court moratorium has permitted researchers to employ state level heterogeneity in the use of capital punishment to study deterrent effects. However, no scholarly consensus exists as to their magnitude. A key reason this has...