In 1984, the Comptroller of the Currency stated that the eleven largest banking firms were quot;too big to fail,quot; implying they would receive de facto 100 percent deposit insurance. The question is whether this announcement altered the market's perception of the riskiness of all banking...

This study investigates factors affecting changes in the disparity of home mortgage denial rates between white and minority loan applicants in the U.S. during the period 1991-1997. We develop a two-stage least-squares regression model that incorporates applicant-level characteritics,...

A matched sample of black-owned and white-owned banks is tested for lending discrimination based on race. A simple regulatory model and an enhanced regulatory model are applied to conventional mortgage loan applications in 1992 and 1993. The regulatory model uses readily available data to bank...