The financial crisis renewed the debate on the bailout of financial institutions, questioning the effectiveness of such an intervention in restoring normal economic conditions. This paper analyzes the effect of State aids to distressed banks on the real economy, using a panel approach that...

We investigate the financial crisis as a cut-off point in the evolution of financial systems in the European Union and in their convergence process. The crisis marked a turning point in the growth of banks and in the leveraging process of the economy. The evolution of financial systems in the...