The COVID-19 pandemic provided the first widespread bear market conditions since the inception of cryptocurrencies. We test the widely mooted safe haven properties of Bitcoin, Ethereum and Tether from the perspective of international equity index investors. Bitcoin and Ethereum are not a safe...

This letter revisits the time-series relation between cryptocurrency prices and forward inflation expectations. Using wavelet time-scale techniques, a positive link between cryptocurrencies and forward inflation rates is identified, focused on a brief period surrounding the onset of the COVID-19...

The hedging and safe haven properties of Bitcoin for the US dollar are investigated across a variety of investment horizons. Our findings reveal that (i) Bitcoin acts as a weak hedge for all currency pairs examined, with some evidence of negative average dependency for Euro, Swiss Franc and...

Crude oil is prone to large upward price shocks, creating challenges for personal and corporate budgeting. In this paper, we systematically assess a range of possible shock havens against large oil price shocks. Empirical tests uncover a rich set of assets which act both as hedges and shock...

The sudden collapse of the FTX exchange appears to have unearthed several fundamental ethical, regulatory, and policy-based flaws, inherently damaging the cryptocurrency industry at large. The following research briefly outlines the key events that led to the bankruptcy of FTX while examining...

The paper considers the potential motives for Central Banks’ issuance of digital currencies (hereafter CBDC), where an important issue relates to the risk they might subsequently carry due to the potential misuse of CBDC and the distrust of nations acting outside of expected norms. Against...