effect of wealth shocks on household consumption and individual expectations of the future. Many household experienced a … significant wealth shocks, but these shocks led to modest spending effects and small revisions to expectations regarding future … bequests. Expectations of bequests seem particularly tied to housing wealth. …

English couple households born in the 1940s. Here, 'optimal' wealth holdings are those that allow households to enjoy the same … calculate this level of wealth, and compare that with how much wealth households are observed to hold. We find that the majority … of households hold more wealth than our model suggests is optimal and that this would still be true even if housing …

on wealth and lifetime earnings we evaluate measures of retirement preparedness. We estimate heterogeneous discount … have access only to a risk‐free asset compared to when we account for the fact that much of their wealth is stored in …

English couple households born in the 1940s. Here, 'optimal' wealth holdings are those that allow households to enjoy the same … calculate this level of wealth, and compare that with how much wealth households are observed to hold. We find that the majority … of households hold more wealth than our model suggests is optimal and that this would still be true even if housing …

from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, an optimal level of wealth is calculated for each household. This is … compared to the levels of wealth observed in the data. Our results show that, for those born in the 1940s, the vast majority of … households have wealth levels far greater than necessary to maintain their living standards into and through retirement. …

effect of wealth shocks on household consumption and individual expectations of the future. Many household experienced a … significant wealth shocks, but these shocks led to modest spending effects and small revisions to expectations regarding future … bequests. Expectations of bequests seem particularly tied to housing wealth. …