Land tenure refers to the bundle of rights and responsibilities under which land is held, used, transferred, and succeeded. This essay surveys land tenure arrangements throughout the world since the Roman Empire. Particular attention is paid to how six forms of land tenure emerge, function, and...

Howard Bodenhorn has argued that U.S. financial markets prior to the Civil War were integrated. This finding challenges some of the conventional wisdom about the history of U.S. capital markets. A re-examination of Bodenhorn's work reveals flaws in his methodology that casts doubt on his...

We review the evolution of modern Chinese intellectual property right (IPR) laws and enforcement and explore economic and political forces involved in international conflicts over Chinese IPR protection. Our analysis considers why the U.S. and China moved from conflict to cooperation over...