provide new evidence on this question, showing that children born to less educated and minority mothers are more likely to be … exposed to pollution in utero and that white, college educated mothers are particularly responsive to changes in environmental … between infants of white college educated mothers and infants of black high school dropout mothers"--National Bureau of …

crimes, and focus on mothers who lived in a home where an assault was reported during their pregnancies. We compare these … mothers to women who lived in a home with an assault that took place shortly after the birth. We find that assaults in the 3rd …

, led to significant terror and disruptions in daily life over a three-week period. We compare birth outcomes of children …