This paper re-visits the empirical failure to establish a clear link between R&D efforts and patent counts at the … industry level. It is claimed that the "propensity-to-patent" concept should be split into an "appropriability propensity" and … countries over 19 years. The results confirm that the R&D-patent relationship is affected by research productivity …

We use an exogenous change in German Federal law to examine how entrepreneurial support and the ownership of patent … of patent rights from university researchers to their universities. Based on a novel researcher-level panel database that … increase in start-up companies by university researchers. The shift in patent rights may have strengthened the relationship …