on the effects of the patent stock on profitability. The database is a representative sample of German manufacturing … patent stock has a strong and robust effect on profitability …

academic patents using German professor patents linked to patent opposition data from the European Patent Office (EPO). Patent … patent value, asymmetric information and diverging expectations between the opposition parties, the likelihood of a … applied by owners of potentially rival technologies. -- academic inventors ; intellectual property rights ; patent oppositions …

patent collateral and access to capital. We make use of mandatory collateral registry data in Sweden and the Netherlands to … construct panels combining firm-level financial data and patent measures. Estimating conditional difference …-in-difference regressions on firms' debt allows deducting treatment effects of using patents as collateral. We find that patent pledging enables …

challenger invests more into R&D in order to enter a new market than the incumbent. Thus, the patent racing model by Reinganum …