Common negative extreme variations in returns are prevalent in international equity markets. This has been widely documented with statistical tools such as exceedance correlation, extreme value theory, and Gaussian bivariate GARCH or regime-switching models. We point to limits of these tools to...

We propose an asset pricing model featuring both limited participation and heterogeneity, in which agents randomly participate in the bond and stock markets according to a probability that depends on their non-financial income. We develop an indirect inference method to estimate our model on...