cigarette smoking. We conclude that the unintended effects of ENDS taxation may considerably undercut or even outweigh any … estimated ENDS tax elasticities of -0.06 to -0.21. However, we estimate sizable positive cigarette cross-tax effects, suggesting …

-cigarettes will draw cigarette smokers away from a dangerous habit or lure new initiates into tobacco use. We provide some of the … first causal evidence on whether e-cigarette advertising on television and in magazines (which comprise about 90% of total … that period. On the other hand, if the FDA were not considering regulations and mandates that would likely eliminate many e-cigarette …

smoking is that causality between e-cig use and cigarette use is ignored. One contribution of this paper is to estimate …Over the past few years, adult use of e-cigs has been increasing while adult smoking has been declining. Although there … is a negative time correlation, it is important to determine if there is a causal effect of e-cig use on smoking. This is …

tobacco use. We find that ENDS taxes reduce youth e-cigarette consumption, with estimated e-cigarette tax elasticities of -0 ….06 to -0.21. However, we estimate sizable positive cigarette cross-tax elasticities, suggesting economic substitution … between cigarettes and e-cigarettes for youth. These substitution effects are particularly large for frequent cigarette …

tobacco use. We find that ENDS taxes reduce youth e-cigarette consumption, with estimated e-cigarette tax elasticities of -0 ….06 to -0.21. However, we estimate sizable positive cigarette cross-tax elasticities, suggesting economic substitution … between cigarettes and e-cigarettes for youth. These substitution effects are particularly large for frequent cigarette …