Distinguishing between the confounding effects of temporal dependence, variation in exogenous factors and residual heterogeneity over and above that due to measured explanatory variables is a major challenge to be confronted in any analysis of panel or similar longitudinal data. This paper...

The generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach to the analysis of longitudinal data has many attractive robustness properties and can provide a 'population average' characterization of interest, for example, to clinicians who have to treat patients on the basis of their observed...