Complexity studies were nonexistent until the work of Poincare during the period between 1881 and 1886. Poincare‟s work illustrated the first indication of chaotic behavior in a dynamic system. Today, complexity studies extend to vast areas in the fields of natural and social sciences. These...

Language matters. Words matter. If we use our language properly we can use our action and efforts more properly. There is nothing more profound and powerful than thoughts and words. If we use language as a tool for positive reflection and thought process then we are embracing an overall dynamic...

Shortly after the death of prophet Muhammad in 632, the Shiite movement in Islam began and found an encouraging political climate to promote its growth and continuation as an opposition force to the successive political entities in the region of the Middle East. In Iraq, the Shiite political...

After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States launched a "war on terror" to retaliate against the perpetrators of these attacks. As a consequence, the Bush Administration launched a military campaign against Iraq, and end up occupying the country. To rationalize its...

To some degree, nation-states still operate autonomously while dictated by demands of their local particularities. The interconnectedness of the global economic dynamics, however, requires nation-states to morph beyond their traditional capacities and adapt into the new environment that was...