This paper is the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of how different gender balance initiatives in Europe have impacted firms' board structure. Our sample covers 18 countries over the period 2005-2018. We propose a novel indicator of the strictness of the country's gender balance...

This paper examines the relationship between financial analyst career concerns and their communication style during earnings conference calls. Using a large sample of earnings conference calls for the 2005–2018 period for US listed firms, I find that less experienced and prestigious analysts...