government regulations and supply-side restrictions by commercial banks. Nonetheless, overall demand for euro cash remained … perspective, the digital euro will rather co-circulate with cash than replace it in transactions. …Cash usage at the point-of-sale decreased perceptibly in the past years. This is mainly due to the ongoing trend …

(CBDC) in the euro area and proposes a possible design of a digital euro that allows for instant offline payments. Cash … regulations and supply-side restrictions by commercial banks. Nonetheless, overall demand for euro cash remained strong and even … consumer perspective, the digital euro will rather co-circulate with cash than replace it in transactions. …

This paper provides a summary of current knowledge on inflation persistence and price stickiness in the euro area … are: i) Under the current monetary policy regime, the estimated degree of inflation persistence in the euro area is … moderate; ii) Retail prices in the euro area are more sticky than in the US; iii) There is significant sectoral heterogeneity …

We analyze the similarities and the differences in the fragility of the European Monetary System (EMS) and the Eurozone … foreign exchange markets while in the Eurozone it was the absence of a lender of last resort in the long-term government bond … Eurozone the roles were reversed. The national central banks that became part of the Eurosystem were strengthened …

This paper provides a summary of current knowledge on inflation persistence and price stickiness in the euro area … are: i) Under the current monetary policy regime, the estimated degree of inflation persistence in the euro area is … moderate; ii) Retail prices in the euro area are more sticky than in the US; iii) There is significant sectoral heterogeneity …

We analyze the similarities and the differences in the fragility of the European Monetary System (EMS) and the Eurozone … foreign exchange markets while in the Eurozone it was the absence of a lender of last resort in the long-term government bond … Eurozone the roles were reversed. The national central banks that became part of the Eurosystem were strengthened. …

This paper provides a summary of current knowledge on inflation persistence and price stickiness in the euro area … are: i) Under the current monetary policy regime, the estimated degree of inflation persistence in the euro area is … moderate; ii) Retail prices in the euro area are more sticky than in the US; iii) There is significant sectoral heterogeneity …

This study investigates the benefits of cash in a general context. First, we explicitly address the arguments of cash … critics, who are calling for cash to be abolished altogether. Second, we show that cash plays a crucial role in the current … two-tier banking system. Third, we are discussing a number of selected benefits of cash, inter alia its use in financial …

In this paper, we focus on the stabilizing role of cash from a society-wide perspective. Starting with conceptual … remarks on the importance of money for the economy in general, special attention is paid to the unique characteristics of cash … cash can help to avoid such a situation. We find interesting similarities to both crises in two separate case studies, one …