We identify a group of lenders specializing in syndicating tradable loans (referred to as transactional lenders, “TLs”). We show that borrowers borrowing from TLs experience worse operating performance and more severe credit quality deterioration after loan origination compared to those...

More than 80% of US syndicated loans contain at least one fee type and contracts typically specify a menu of spread and different types of fees. We test the predictions of existing theories about the main purposes of fees and provide supporting evidence that: (1) fees are used to price options...

"The standardization of Islamic financial products is currently evolving, both for Islamic derivatives & hedging methods and for Islamic bonds (Sukuk) and the process of standardization is expected to start soon also for other Islamic instruments. Islamic capital markets, and Islamic finance in...