We measure the extent to which consolidated liquidity in modern fragmented equity markets overstates true liquidity due … to a phenomenon that we call Ghost Liquidity (GL). GL exists when traders place duplicate limit orders on competing … identified consistently across venues, we find that simply measured consolidated liquidity exceeds true consolidated liquidity …

How does bank distress impact their customers' probability of default and trade credit availability? We address this … question by looking at a unique sample of German firms from 2000 to 2011. We follow their firm-bank relationships through times … of distress and crisis, featuring the different transmission of bank distress shocks into already weakened firm balance …

How does bank distress impact their customers' probability of default and trade credit availability? We address this … question by looking at a unique sample of German firms from 2000 to 2011. We follow their firm-bank relationships through times … of distress and crisis, featuring the different transmission of bank distress shocks into already weakened firm balance …

How does bank distress impact their customers' probability of default and trade credit availability? We address this … question by looking at a unique sample of German firms from 2000 to 2011. We follow their firm-bank relationships through times … of distress and crisis, featuring the different transmission of bank distress shocks into already weakened firm balance …

order books. This paper evaluates the impact on liquidity of fragmentation in visible order books and dark trading for a … sample of 52 Dutch stocks. We consider global liquidity by consolidating the entire limit order books of all visible European … trading venues, and local liquidity by considering the traditional market only. We find that fragmentation in visible order …

order books. This paper evaluates the impact on liquidity of fragmentation in visible order books and dark trading for a … sample of 52 Dutch stocks. We consider global liquidity by consolidating the entire limit order books of all visible European … trading venues, and local liquidity by considering the traditional market only. We find that fragmentation in visible order …