The economic and psychological literatures have demonstrated that early investments (private and public) in children … countries, implying that mothers spend less time with their children and that families rely more on external sources of …

We construct and estimate a model of child development in which both the parents and children make investments in the … heterogeneity in preferences both for parents and children, and in monitoring costs. Like their parents, children are forward … looking, but we allow children and parents to have different preferences and for children to have age-varying discount rates …

term, using data from the Millennium Cohort Study (UK). Compared with children looked after in a formal care centre …, children cared by grandparents (as well as parents) are better in naming objects, but worse in tests concerning basic concepts … outcomes is stronger for children in more advantaged households; on the other hand, the negative association is significant …

The growth in labor market participation among women with young children has raised concerns about the potential … negative impact of the mother's absence from home on child outcomes. Recent data show that mother's time spent with children … has declined in the last decade, while the indicators of children's cognitive and noncognitive outcomes have worsened. The …