The aim of this paper is to identify the main challenges regarding the achievement of a low-carbon energy system in the EU by 2050. We analyze the visions presented by stakeholders and existing strategies of member state to achieve this transition. The five main challenges identified are the...

If Europe is serious about climate change, it has to reduce its overall greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050, thereby effectively going to a (near-) zero carbon energy and thus, electricity system. The European Climate Foundation, Eurelectric, and the International Energy Agency have...

Regulation of utilities in the XXI Century is challenged by the fast pace of change notably the acceleration of innovation, the restructuring of industry as sets of modular chains and the spreading of new information and communication technology. Living in this world of rapid and renewed changes...