"This paper examines the implications of bank activity and short-term funding strategies for bank risk and returns …-interest income generating activities such as trading increases the rate of return on assets, and it may offer some risk …, although it can offer some risk reduction at commonly observed low levels of non-deposit funding. A sizeable proportion of …

of the definition of Tier 1 capital and reduction in risk-weights. Further analyses show that bank risk in Europe and …This paper examines changes in bank capital and capital regulations since the global financial crisis, in the Europe … and Central Asia region. It shows that banks in Europe and Central Asia are better capitalized, as measured by regulatory …

and health, save for retirement, capitalize on business opportunities, and confront shocks. In the Europe and Central Asia …

and health, save for retirement, capitalize on business opportunities, and confront shocks. In the Europe and Central Asia …