risky, which is consistent with the demise of the U.S. investment banking sector. "--World Bank web site …

-level growth volatility. We find that firms in industries with stronger preference to use long-term finance relative to short …-term finance experience lower growth volatility in countries with better-developed financial systems, as these firms may benefit … mitigate refinancing risk and therefore growth volatility associated with short-term financing. Increased availability of long …

This paper examines how the ability to access long-term debt affects firm-level growth volatility. The analysis finds … growth volatility in countries with better-developed financial systems, as these firms may benefit from reduced refinancing … risk and therefore growth volatility associated with short-term financing. Increased availability of long-term finance …