We study how financial heterogeneity determines firm-level investment responses to monetary policy shocks. In Compustat, a significant amount of firms hold almost zero debt, and among the firms who hold debt, both the amount and the maturity of debt vary greatly. We refer to these financial...

This paper studies the impact of income inequality on sovereign spreads under elastic labor and endogenous taxation. We first document that high pre-tax income inequality is associated with high spreads both across countries and across U.S. states. We then develop a sovereign default model with...

This paper measures the output and TFP costs of sovereign risk incorporating its impact on firm-level intangible investment. Combining Italian aggregate and firm-level data, we show that firms reduced their investment and reallocated resources away from intangible assets and towards tangible...

This paper analyzes the impact of a balanced budget rule (BBR) on government financing costs. We construct measures of BBR at the US state government level, and find that states with tighter BBRs are associated with significantly lower state government bond spreads. Furthermore, the credit...