Historically, the world payments system has been dominated by a single currency accepted in the exchange of goods and assets among countries. In recent decades, the US dollar has played this role. The dollar acts as a 'vehicle currency' in the sense that agents in non-dollar economies will...

We develop a general equilibrium monetary model of endogenous specialization and international trade to examine the degree of specialization and trade volume under alternative exchange rate regimes. Where demand shocks are important, we demonstrate an increase in specialization, trade and...

While in principle, international payments could be carried out using any currency or set of currencies, in practice, the US dollar is predominant in international trade and financial flows. The dollar acts as a `vehicle currency' in the sense that agents in non-dollar economies will generally...

We develop a general equilibrium monetary model of endogenous specialization and international trade to examine the degree of specialization and trade volume under alternative exchange rate regimes. Where demand shocks are important, we demonstrate an increase in specialization, trade and...