In 2016 the city of Bogotá doubled police patrols and intensified city services on high-crime streets. They did so … based on a policy and criminological consensus that such place-based programs not only decrease crime, but also have … effects and that such crime displaced nearby, especially property crimes. Confidence intervals suggest we can rule out total …

Cities target police patrols and public services to control crime. What are the direct and spillover effects of such …,919 streets to either 8 months of doubled police patrols, greater municipal services, both, or neither. We study how crime … responds to intensifying normal state presence in moderate- to high-crime streets, and what this implies about criminal …

between the racial composition of a city's police force and the racial patterns of arrests and crime. Increases in the number … police officers has a less clear-cut impact on crime rates. It appears that own-race policing may be more effective in … reducing property crime, but no systematic differences are observed for violent crime. These results are consistent either with …