This paper develops a framework for illustrating why sponsored sports entities, the "sponsees", often struggle to achieve their sponsorship-related goals to maximise sponsorship income, to satisfy their sponsors, and to create positive image or brand effects through the sponsorship. Based on a...

This paper examines how professional athletes can optimize commercial revenues from endorsement and sponsorship agreements throughout their careers. We use athlete brand management, defined as the balancing of brand building and brand selling activities, to understand the dynamics of commercial...

The purpose of this paper is to understand and explain why some professional sports organizations outsource their sponsorship-related activities to sports marketing agencies whereas others purposely retain these activities in-house. The paper applies the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Transaction...

What is beautiful is good, the ancient Greek lyric poet Sappho wrote over 2,500 years ago. Studies in social sciences, anthropology, psychology, and economics have shown various effects of physical attractiveness. Physically attractive people are hired more often, receive faster promotion, and...

This paper provides a game-theoretic model of a professional sports league and analyzes the effect of luxury taxes on competitive balance, club profits and social welfare. We show that a luxury tax increases aggregate salary payments in the league as well as produces a more balanced league....

Many major sports leagues are characterized by a combination of cross-subsidization mechanisms like revenue-sharing arrangements and payroll restrictions. Up to now, the effects of these policy tools have only been analyzed separately. This article provides a theoretical model of a team sports...

In this paper, we provide an analysis of the principal economic issues in the professional team sports industry. We characterize the major peculiarities of this industry and give an overview of the most important league policy measures that are implemented to provide cross subsidies among teams....

This paper analyzes the effects of a percentage-of-revenue salary cap in a team sports league with win-maximizing clubs and flexible talent supply. It shows that a percentage-of-revenue cap produces a more balanced league and decreases aggregate salary payments. Taking into account the...

This paper applies contest theory to provide an integrated framework of a team sports league and analyses the competitive interaction between clubs. We show that dissipation of the league revenue arises from `overinvestment' in playing talent as a direct consequence of the ruinous competitive...

Die Regulierung von ManagergehŠltern ist derzeit ein viel diskutiertes Thema in Politik und Medien. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Sektor analysiert, der eine lange Tradition der Gehaltsregulierung aufweist: der professionelle Mannschaftssport. Wir untersuchen die wichtigsten Regulierungspraktiken...