This study focuses on short and long-term effects of sanctions on military spending in Iran. Utilizing the annual data … dampen the military budget of Iran. By separating unilateral sanctions (where only the United States sanctions Iran) and … multilateral sanctions (where, the United States acts in conjunction with other countries to sanction Iran), we show that only the …

development of government spending in major sections shapes the political institutions in Iran. This question has become … especially important due to recent international sanctions, aiming to change the political behavior of Iran. We use the impulse … provision spending in Iran. The results imply that a shock in positive changes of democratic quality of institutions leads to …