Start-ups in different industry groups are classified according to their average complexity. We find that thick regional input markets are conducive to start-up activity in general and complex start-ups in particular, but that some inputs are more important than others.

Although there is a large and rapidly growing literature on the determinants of regional variation in new firm formation, relatively little is known about the interrelation between the characteristics of start-up firms and urban structure. It is only recently that scholars of urban economics...

Although there is a large and rapidly growing literature on the determinants of regional variation in new firm formation, relatively little is known about the interrelation between the characteristics of start-up firms and urban structure. It is only recently that scholars of urban economics...