This study employs daily data for 14 commodities and three financial assets 1990–2009 to explore the impact of the time series properties of the futures‐spot basis and the cost of carry on forward market unbiasedness. The main result is that the basis of 16 assets exhibits both long memory...

A joint fractionally integrated, error-correction and multivariate GARCH (FIEC-BEKK) approach is applied to investigate hedging effectiveness using daily data 1995-2005. The findings reveal the proxied error-correction term has a long memory component that theoretically should affect hedging...

Commodity futures market efficiency has commonly been investigated in the standard I(1)-I(0) cointegration framework and it has provided inconclusive and conflicting results. However, recent empirical studies have found that the spot-futures basis is a fractionally integrated or long memory...