and in particular of Intellectual Property Right (IPR) as incentives for technological innovation. We start with a … non-market institutions in the innovation process. Next, we examine the recent changes in the IPR regimes and their … influence upon both rates of patenting and underlying rates of innovation. The evidence broadly suggests that, first, IPRs are …

understanding of the role of medical innovation in this process. Specifically, what are the causal effects of medical innovation on … medical innovation and test the model’s implications empirically. We show that a causal pathway from medical innovation to … following way: in early stages of development, medical innovation does not have a positive effect on economic growth, whereas in …

an innovation rewarding institution. According to our analysis, pharma patents have constituted legal barriers to protect …

different configurations of the patent system upon innovation and competition. The model is able to replicate the main stylized … adverse effects in terms of innovation outcomes, as well as of market competition and consumer welfare. Such general …