different configurations of the patent system upon innovation and competition. The model is able to replicate the main stylized …The role of the patent system in the pharmaceutical sector is highly debated also due to its strong public health … adverse effects in terms of innovation outcomes, as well as of market competition and consumer welfare. Such general …

an innovation rewarding institution. According to our analysis, pharma patents have constituted legal barriers to protect … witnessed by the fact that patent applications are very skewed in the covered trade names and patent thickness expands over time … pharmaceutical firms, between patent portfolio and profit margins. …

differentiation and component innovation. We show that, as the complexity of the product spaces increases, stronger patent regimes … yield lower rates of innovation, lower product quality and lower consumers' welfare. -- Patents ; appropriability of … innovation ; complex product industries ; industrial dynamics …

reviewing a few theoretical arguments that economists have formulated on the effects of a system of patent protection. We will … United States is that doing so will outline the broad template of patent policy reform that has been adopted by policy makers …. The final part of this essay, explores the likely impact of harmonization of international patent laws - including TRIPS …

and in particular of Intellectual Property Right (IPR) as incentives for technological innovation. We start with a … non-market institutions in the innovation process. Next, we examine the recent changes in the IPR regimes and their … influence upon both rates of patenting and underlying rates of innovation. The evidence broadly suggests that, first, IPRs are …

across bodies of innovative knowledge, proxied by the patent classes where the firm is present. Putting it more emphatically …