yield lower rates of innovation, lower product quality and lower consumers' welfare. -- Patents ; appropriability of … differentiation and component innovation. We show that, as the complexity of the product spaces increases, stronger patent regimes … innovation ; complex product industries ; industrial dynamics …

then review the historical evidence on the roles of patents in economic development. Next we discuss the changes in the IPR …

and in particular of Intellectual Property Right (IPR) as incentives for technological innovation. We start with a … non-market institutions in the innovation process. Next, we examine the recent changes in the IPR regimes and their … influence upon both rates of patenting and underlying rates of innovation. The evidence broadly suggests that, first, IPRs are …