consumer confidence indicator (CCI) reported by the EU Commission for the euro area and individual member states. Different … and the entire euro area (20 percent). For Germany and France the gains seem to be lower, but are nevertheless substantial …

We examine real business cycle convergence for 41 euro area regions and 48 US states. Results obtained by a panel model … decades in the euro area and the US. Ongoing business cycle convergence often detected in a country data is not confirmed at … the regional level. The degree of synchronization across the euro area is similar to that to be found for the US states …

euro area. To control for international spillovers, global VARs are also considered. Differences in the results can provide … a measure on the impact of financial market integration. The specifications point to some impact of liquidity shocks on …

This paper explores the long run relationship between public and private investment in the euro area in terms of … investment might have restricted private investment and GDP growth in the euro area. The results have strong implications for the … future direction of fiscal austerity programs to combat the euro area debt crisis. …