generated by a better accessibility, namely commuting. We rst develop a general framework to estimate the agglomeration … economies should be corrected by the environmental impacts associated with the enhancement of accessibility such as the …

, without accounting for the environmental impact of a better accessibility. On the other side, several studies (Graham, 2007 …; Rice et al., 2006) show that new transportation infrastructures or policies have a positive effect on accessibility, thus … may be induced by enhanced accessibility, and generates higher levels of polluting emissions (Goodwin, 1999; Litman, 2011 …

, without accounting for the environmental impact of a better accessibility. On the other side, several studies (Graham, 2007 …; Rice et al., 2006) show that new transportation infrastructures or policies have a positive effect on accessibility, thus … may be induced by enhanced accessibility, and generates higher levels of polluting emissions (Goodwin, 1999; Litman, 2011 …