We study the determinants of hiring gender discrimination in the French financial sector through a controlled experiment. We find that, on the one hand, the access differences to job interviews by women and men are primarily explained by the expectation of a maternity by young women and, on the...

This paper examines whether patenting increases the private incentives to innovate in manufacturing. To study this issue, we build a model in which the value of an innovation depends both on the type of innovation implemented (product, process) and on the existence of a patent protection or not....

At the macroeconomic level, the persistence of technological change allows sustainable growth. But do the innovations come from the same set of firms or from a continuous renewal of innovators? On this point, the assumptions underlying the endogenous growth models differ and innovation...