would be much more affected than other sectors. Thus, a large-scale industrial electricity price subsidy does not seem to be … very effective. Selective relief for certain sectors may be problematic under competition law and may need to be granted … well beyond the temporary nature of the subsidy. …

We investigate the impact of competition policy enforcement on the functioning of European energy markets, and how … EU member states’ competition policy decisions, and combine it with firm- and sector-level data. We find that EC merger … policy has a positive and robust impact on (i) the level of competition; (ii) investment; and (iii) productivity. This impact …

We provide an evaluation of the impact of public subsidy schemes that aimed to support the development of basic … subsidies complied with EU state aid rules, both in terms of effectiveness and competition. …

We provide an evaluation of the impact of public subsidy schemes that aimed to support the development of basic … subsidies complied with EU state aid rules, both in terms of effectiveness and competition. …

We investigate the impact of competition policy enforcement on the functioning of European energy markets, and how … EU member states' competition policy decisions, and combine it with firm- and sector-level data. We find that EC merger … policy has a positive and robust impact on (i) the level of competition; (ii) investment; and (iii) productivity. This impact …

positively affects competition and productivity, though not yet perfectly effectively. In times of increased market concentration …