Economists' principal explanations of the subprime crisis differ from those developed noneconomists in that the latter see it as rooted in the US legacy of racial/ethnic inequality, and especially in racial residential segregation, whereas the former ignore race. This traces this disjuncture to...

This paper evaluates O'Brien's assertion that freer global financial flows and movement will eliminate the significance of geography for financial processes because enhanced global choice will create the global financial customer. We argue here, contra O'Brien, that expanded global choice in...

This paper argues that the current world-wide scenario of liberalized banking and financial exclusion has emerged because of two successive phases of financial globalization: a macro-scale globalization beginning in the late 1970s and persisting two decades; and a micro-scale globalization -...

Minsky's financial-instability model suggests that financial crises can be resolved efficiently with lender-of-last-resort and big-government interventions. The crisis that began in 2007 (hereafter, the “2007 crisis“) has been different: it has been more profound and resistant to policy...

This paper aims to clarify the relationship between individual banks and banking industry behaviour in credit expansion. The authors argue that the balance sheet structure of an individual bank is only partially determined by its management's decision about how aggressively to expand credit; it...