occupational mobility, their labor force transitions, and their wage growth in Russia compared to the U.S. We hypothesize that the … shock of economic liberalization in Russia may raise the benefits of training, particularly retraining for new jobs, but …

Russia, Romania, and Estonia to measure nonstandard, boundary forms and alternative definitions of labor force status. Our … official definitions in apparently minor ways can produce alternative employment rates that are sharply higher in Russia but … and moderately higher in Estonia and Russia. …

% in Hungary, and 3% in Ukraine, with some variation across specifications, while in Russia it lowers it about 4 … ambiguous even after 5 years in Russia. Pre-privatization MFP exceeds that of firms remaining state-owned in all countries …