Order flow is toxic when it adversely selects market makers, who may be unaware they are providing liquidity at a loss. We present a new procedure to estimate flow toxicity based on volume imbalance and trade intensity (the VPIN toxicity metric). VPIN is updated in volume-time, making it...

The volume clock : insights into the high-frequency paradigm / David Easley, Marcos López de Prado, Maureen O'Hara -- Execution strategies in equity markets / Michael G. Sotiropoulos -- Execution strategies in fixed income markets / Robert Almgren -- High-frequency trading in FX markets / Anton...