When war occurs in a country, some foreign MNEs stay on, while others flee. We argue that MNE responses to external threats depend on the firm's vulnerability, which we decompose into exposure (proximity to threat), at-risk resources (potential for loss), and resilience (capacity for coping). We...

This study focuses on the role of geography in foreign subsidiary survival in host countries afflicted with political conflict. We argue that survival is a function of exposure to conflicts, which depends on the characteristics of place (the conflict zone) and space (geographic concentration and...