All banks must hold capital equal to the minimum regulatory requirement. However, in many cases the level of regulatory capital diverges from the actual (economic) capital held by banks. A bank's actual capital is typically linked to a target credit rating, which is in turn determined by the...

Property forecasts are an integral part of the property investment process at the strategic, tactical and individual asset levels. This study investigates the nature, extent and patterns of disagreement and uncertainty in the forecasts of UK property investors and their advisors. In this paper,...

The role of economic capital has grown significantly in recent years. Although not a regulatory requirement, an increasing number of financial institutions use economic capital for such purposes as measuring and managing the performance of people, products, risk exposures, and to manage and...