gross domestic product (but goes down to 2.9 percent if Lebanon, Djibouti, Bahrain, and Jordan are excluded). Only five … economies have a quasi-fiscal deficit below 3 percent of gross domestic product (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Qatar, and the West ….2 percent of gross domestic product (but 2.2 percent without Lebanon, Djibouti, Bahrain, and Jordan). Commercial inefficiency …

A recent democratic experience in Tunisia in which a religious political party, Ennahdha, took over government for 3 …. Tunisia’s experience suggests that the reputation of religious parties to care for the unmet needs of population is, at least …