outcomes that customers prefer. Without retail competition, it is not clear how regulation will replicate this aspect of the …

supplanting the role of regulation. Revised calculations suggest that the benefits of UK electricity privatisation were higher … contracts in Nordic markets, posing questions for regulation in the absence of retail competition. There are alternatives to … regulation of network monopolies. In Australia regulated interconnectors have been less economic than merchant interconnectors …

. Technology is already evolving at a rapid pace, one that, to date, neither regulation nor supervision has managed to hold back …