The distinction between the concepts outputs and outcomes can be made operational based on the consideration of the degree of control a public service producer has over its production activity. Resources are transformed into service outputs under the control of the organisation in question,...

The ratio definition of efficiency has the form of a productivity measure. But the weights are endogenous variables and they do not function as weights in a productivity index proper. It is shown that extended Farrell measures of efficiency can all be given an interpretation as productivity...