received risk-return theories. However, the SIMM was found to be unaffected by the three different bull and bear market …

the failure of financial modeling. More specifically, current risk models have failed to properly assess the risks … over prevailing models for evaluating stock market risk exposure during distressed market periods. -- ARMA-GARCH model ; α …-stable distribution ; tempered stable distribution ; value-at-risk (VaR) ; average value-at-risk (AVaR) …