of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) contained a special section on participation in illegal activities … years of the NLSY to examine the relationship between drug dealing as a youth and legitimate self-employment in later years …

month fully capturing early effects from the pandemic. The number of active business owners in the United States plummeted … by 3.3 million or 22 percent over the crucial two-month window from February to April 2020. The drop in business owners …-American businesses were hit especially hard experiencing a 41 percent drop. Latinx business owners fell by 32 percent, and Asian business …

A common finding in the entrepreneurship literature is that business creation increases in recessions. This counter …-cyclical pattern is examined by separating business creation into two components: "opportunity" and "necessity" entrepreneurship …