Following the introduction of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS), CO2 emissions have become a tradable commodity. As a regulated party, emitters are forced to take into account the additional cost of carbon emissions in their production costs structure. Given the high...

Typified by the United Nations’ net-zero emission initiatives, the need for corporate bodies, including financial institutions, to fulfill their social contracts has become ever critical. Many studies have analyzed the expanding literature on environmental, social and governance (ESG) from...

Following the introduction of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS), CO2 emissions have become a tradable commodity. As a regulated party, emitters are forced to take into account the additional cost of carbon emissions in their production costs structure. Given the high...