This paper discusses environmental standard-setting from an economic perspective. Special attention is paid to the way in which environmental standards should be set in federal systems. Basic economics of standard-setting is presented as well as the difference between ambient quality standards...

This Article suggests that in addressing problems of environmental degradation in developing countries, policymakers and scholars have neglected the important question of regulatory design. While a country’s long-term improvement in environmental conditions almost certainly depends on...

This paper provides an empirical assessment of enforcement of environmental law in the Flemish Region. Data are used from the environmental inspectorate over a period of 20 years showing how many violations took place, how these violations were handled by the environmental inspectorate and how...

The traditional economic analysis of tort and insurance has for a long time assumed rationality on the side of persons involved in the accident situation: victims and injurers were assumed to base their decision on e.g. the care levels to adopt on a weighing of cost and benefits of that action....

This paper deals with the well-known environmental public interest litigation before the Supreme Court of India. While a certain amount of literature exists, principally describing the judicial activism in which the Supreme Court of India has engaged for many years, to date no comprehensive...

The regulation of pharmacists in Belgium and the Netherlands is analysed in order to test the rent-seeking hypothesis put forward in the private interest literature. Both the self-regulation issued by the professional bodies and public regulations are examined. It appears that many regulations...

This chapter deals with the application of economic theories of criminal law to environmental pollution. The chapter starts by addressing why environmental pollution needs to be enforced at all by using the criminal law. Attention is also paid to the question whether in certain circumstances...

This paper identifies and evaluates, from an economic point of view, the role of the judiciary the steady shift of environmental regulatory authority to higher, more centralized levels of government in both the U.S. and Europe. We supply both a positive analysis of how the decisions made by...

This article discusses the question whether the current international regimes are adequate for the compensation of oil pollution damage. It sketches the regime of the CLC 1969 and the Fund Convention. Then it will show that by in 1984 and 1992, among others following the catastrophe with the...

Although the insurance industry demonstrates a growing concern about the severe rise in losses from natural disasters, only about one third of all potential victims have in fact purchased first-party catastrophe insurance. Although first-party insurance has several advantages, we find that there...