Das am 26. März 1995 in Kraft gesetzte Schengener Abkommen hat einen Europäischen Binnenraum der Personenfreizügigkeit geschaffen und damit ein beispielloses kontinentales Integrationsziel erreicht. Die Bedrohung durch globalen Terrorismus sowie ein starker Anstieg der Flüchtlingszahlen in...

Ein harter Brexit ist für das Vereinigte Königreich sehr viel teurer als für die EU. Mit einer "Hard-but-Smart"-Strategie dagegen würde das UK unilateral auf alle neuen Barrieren, also völlig auf Importzölle, verzichten. Damit ist der prozentuelle Wohlfahrtsverlust des UK und jener auf dem...

When two countries conclude a free trade agreement (FTA), they define rules of origin (RoOs) to determine whether a product is eligible for preferential treatment. RoOs exist to avoid that exports from third countries enter the FTA through the member with the lowest tariff (trade deflection)....

Last year, a total of 1,700 new protectionist measures were introduced around the world. This marks a new record. Even before the war in the Ukraine, political disputes were increasingly handled using economic sanctions - an approach which leads to high economic costs. Family companies in...

The EU Directive on Corporate Sustainable Due Diligence has sparked fierce debate about the regulation of supply chains. The directive's objectives are aligned with European values. However, it raises concerns that the compliance costs of social and environmental regulations may be privatised in...

On 1 January 2023, Croatia became the newest member of the Schengen Agreement of the European Union (EU) and also joined the Eurozone. This will not only mean a new currency and the elimination of border controls - allowing thus free movement within the Schengen area. It will also mean...